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The integrity of democratic elections, both in the United States and abroad, is an important problem. In this Element, we present a data-driven approach that evaluates the performance of the administration of a democratic election, before, during, and after Election Day. We show that this data-driven method can help to improve confidence in the integrity of American elections.

Elections --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Political science --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Data processing.

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‘This excellent book provides a very timely examination of the different types of elections in post-devolution Britain, and how these are viewed by the parties, the media, and voters themselves. Kirkland offers an up-to-date and nuanced account of the orthodox distinction between first-order and second-order elections, noting how this over-simplifies the differences between them and overlooks some similarities. In so doing, he skilfully develops a more refined and relevant framework for classifying elections in Britain today, and evaluating their significance. As such, this book is absolutely essential reading for students and scholars of electoral politics.’ –Pete Dorey, Professor of British Politics, Cardiff University, UK This book seeks to understand and classify differences that exist between a variety of elections in Britain. It moves beyond first- and second-order classifications developed following the European Parliamentary Elections in 1979 to include elections of devolved administrations such as the Scottish Parliament, local mayors or the Police and Crime Commissioner Elections. Drawing upon a range of elections, the book develops a new classification based on the interactions that exist between voters, the media and political parties. In doing so, it argues that alongside voters, political parties and the media can, and do, prioritize certain elections. The author explores the role of each group within elections individually through case studies. The final chapter then offers an overall means of understanding the levels of salience attached to each election. Christopher Kirkland is Lecturer in Politics at York St. John University, UK. Previous publications include The Political Economy of Britain in Crisis and PCC Elections as a ‘Failed Experiment’: What Lessons can be Learned?

Elections --- Great Britain—Politics and government. --- Elections. --- Europe—Politics and government. --- Political communication. --- British Politics. --- Electoral Politics. --- European Politics. --- Political Communication. --- Political communication --- Political science --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation

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This book presents a comparative study of the history and development of indigenous and ethnic higher education in the US and China. The author focuses on institutions serving American Indians and Alaska Natives (AIANs) and Chinese Ethnic Minorities (CEMs), such as Tribal Colleges and Universities (TCUs) in the US and Ethnic Minority Serving Institutions (EMSIs) in China. Chapters center voices within indigenous and ethnic education, including experts, senior administrators, and faculty members as well as AIAN tribal leaders and activists. These voices enrich the study and provide context to explore the issues and challenges surrounding ethnic and minority-serving higher education institutions today. Finally, the author addresses strategies and practices for the future which will better serve AIAN and CEM students and communities.

Educational sociology. --- International education . --- Comparative education. --- Higher education. --- Ethnicity in Education. --- International and Comparative Education. --- Higher Education. --- Sociology of Education. --- Minorities --- Education (Higher) --- Ethnic minorities --- Foreign population --- Minority groups --- Persons --- Assimilation (Sociology) --- Discrimination --- Ethnic relations --- Majorities --- Plebiscite --- Race relations --- Segregation

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This book analyzes several components of democratization and party competition in West Africa focusing on Senegal – a country with one of the longest histories of multiparty elections. It does so in service of examining the origins and consequences of the proliferation of political parties, a trend that has taken hold in Senegal and a variety of other African countries. The author uses novel sources of data to illuminate the economic and political roots of party functions and trajectories by placing party formation, opposition, ruling party loyalty, and presidential turnover into local and regional contexts. This work will appeal to African Studies scholars, professors, graduate students, and policy makers. Catherine Lena Kelly is an Advisor at the American Bar Association Rule of Law Initiative and a scholar-practitioner in Washington, DC, USA. .

Democratization --- Democratic consolidation --- Democratic transition --- Political science --- New democracies --- Africa-Politics and government. --- Democracy. --- Elections. --- Regionalism. --- Economic policy. --- African Politics. --- Electoral Politics. --- Development Policy. --- Economic nationalism --- Economic planning --- National planning --- State planning --- Economics --- Planning --- National security --- Social policy --- Human geography --- Nationalism --- Interregionalism --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- Self-government --- Equality --- Republics --- Africa—Politics and government.

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Donald Trump won a significant victory in Iowa in 2016. Although Iowa was carried by Barack Obama in 2008 and 2012, Trump won the popular vote in 93 of its 99 counties, 32 of which were carried by Obama in 2012. What explains this significant victory, in which a third of Iowa’s counties were flipped? Through a mixed-methods approach, this volume demonstrates that Trump’s electoral victory was shaped by three key factors: firstly, the electorate’s desire for “change” in Washington, D.C.; secondly, Trump’s successful appeals to both the Republican base and white, working-class voters who had previously supported Barack Obama; and thirdly, Iowa’s conservative ideological tendency regarding immigration and race. While contributing to emerging literature on the 2016 presidential elections, this book also serves to aid educators with a published resource on Iowa's electoral politics.

United States-Politics and gover. --- Elections. --- Political sociology. --- US Politics. --- Electoral Politics. --- Political Sociology. --- Mass political behavior --- Political behavior --- Political science --- Sociology --- Sociological aspects --- Electoral politics --- Franchise --- Polls --- Politics, Practical --- Plebiscite --- Political campaigns --- Representative government and representation --- United States—Politics and government. --- America --- American Politics. --- Politics and government.